What is Justice?
It is a way of administering justice that comes from Aristotelian thought and whose application has been controversial in practice, given that there is no unanimity on the criteria that must be considered so that said distribution is beneficial for all those involved.
For some authors, it should promote equity (that each person obtains the wealth they deserve according to their efforts). In other cases, the concept of equality prevails (all people should get the same amount), while other authors believe that wealth should be distributed more in cases of greatest need.
Restorative justice
This type of justice focuses on the well-being of the victim rather than the punishment of the perpetrator. In this sense, what is sought is to repair in a material or symbolic way the damage caused.
According to this approach, victim and perpetrator must be involved in the search for justice. To do this, the perpetrator must understand and recognize the damage he has caused.
An example of restorative justice are the Victim-Offender Reconciliation Programs, established in communities in the United States and Canada in which the parties involved meet, talk about what happened and the way it affected them. , and agree on a way to restore the damage caused.
procedural justice
This type of justice establishes norms and rules that must be respected by all people equally, and establishes sanctions of various kinds in case citizens commit a mistake.
To exercise this type of justice it is necessary to have an impartial criterion, while to be prosecuted for it requires the representation of an expert in the matter, that is, a lawyer.
The administration of procedural justice is carried out in the courts and in the organizations created by the State for this purpose.
Retributive justice
Retributive justice establishes that each person must be treated in the same way in which they treat others, therefore, when committing a fault they must be punished. What is expected from this type of justice is that the retroactive effect persuades other people to commit crimes.
An example of retributive justice would be human rights violations, in which although the perpetrators do not always receive punishment immediately, they are eventually punished by local justice or by international organizations.
